Mehlman High Yield Practice Exam

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Central chest pain worse when supine and better when leaning forward is characteristic of which condition?
What is the most common cause of death in anorexia nervosa?
Tx of pseudogout is best described how?
What is the initial pharmacologic treatment for hemophilia A to increase endogenous factor VIII release?
Which vaccines are included in the routine 2-, 4-, and 6-month infant immunization schedule?
If CT shows a cystic lesion in the bile duct in a cholestatic patient, what is the most likely diagnosis?
A 2-year-old child presents after a fall with the forearm held in a pronated position and refuses to use the arm. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Pattern: low hematocrit + normal MCV + low iron + normal or high ferritin is most consistent with which diagnosis?
Compartment syndrome treatment?
A man presents after lifting a heavy box with severe lower back pain and muscle spasm but no radiculopathy. What is the most likely diagnosis?
In pseudogout, which crystal type is deposited in the joints?
Which prostaglandin is primarily involved in the pathophysiology of primary dysmenorrhea?
A 17-year-old with autoimmune thyroiditis and type 1 diabetes since childhood presents with chronic candidal infections. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Which statement best describes a strawberry hemangioma?
After a blood transfusion, fever and chills occur with a negative Coombs test. Which transfusion reaction is most likely?
Which of the following is an example of a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in neutropenic fever?
Which laboratory finding is most characteristic of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)?
After induction therapy for cryptococcal meningitis, what is the recommended maintenance approach?
Which treatment is appropriate for otitis externa?
A 36-year-old man with a long-standing fracture develops petechiae on the chest. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Black widow spider bite treatment involves addressing which electrolyte disturbance?
Which syndrome is suggested by blurred vision, Raynaud phenomenon, finger pain, or headaches in the context of polycythemia?
Bird’s beak appearance on imaging is classically associated with which condition?
Which organism is responsible for Q fever transmitted from cattle?
If pelvic floor exercises fail to treat stress incontinence, what is the next step?
The shawl sign in dermatomyositis refers to a rash distribution over which area?
Which sign best suggests a toxic aspirin dose in a child who found an open bottle?
A patient with alkaline urine and renal tract calculi is most likely infected with which organism?
Which statement is true about antibodies in SLE?
In rheumatoid arthritis, what is the typical initial agent used for symptom relief?
In an acute gout attack in a patient with renal insufficiency or prior renal transplant, which treatment is preferred?
Biliary colic with fever most likely represents which condition?
Which statement about polyarteritis nodosa is true?
What is the normal calcium range provided?
In which situation is tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) recommended for acute ischemic stroke?
Which acid-base disturbance is most characteristic after 20 minutes of aspirin overdose?
If the patient cannot exercise, which stress testing modality is recommended?
Which antibiotic is NOT recommended as initial therapy for uncomplicated otitis media?
A 32-year-old man presents with dark skin on the forearms and increased fasting glucose. Which condition is most likely?
Reverse T3 is best described as which of the following?
Which transcription factor is associated with Burkitt lymphoma?
Which statement correctly identifies the organism most commonly implicated in secondary pneumonia after influenza infection?
Sturge-Weber syndrome is classically associated with seizures due to leptomeningeal angiomatosis. Which facial vascular finding is commonly present?
Which clinical finding is most specific for endometriosis?
A cholestatic pattern with autoimmune history most strongly suggests which diagnosis?
For evaluating suspected spinal metastases, which imaging modality is most sensitive for vertebral involvement?
A patient with autoimmune disease on steroids presents with back pain and vertebral tenderness. What is the most likely diagnosis?
After initiating steroids for temporal arteritis, which diagnostic test is used to confirm?
p-ANCA (anti-MPO) is most closely associated with which vasculitis?
Which treatment is appropriate for lumbosacral strain?
In a patient with memory complaints but preserved daily functioning, which scenario is most likely?
After a sensory nerve injury, the rate-limiting step in restoring normal sensation during regeneration is which process?
Which organism is the most common cause of otitis externa?
In an MVA patient with no rib fractures but chest pain and pulmonary infiltrates underlying the painful area, what is the most likely diagnosis?
First-line topical therapy for tinea pedis includes which?
Ticlopidine is an ADP2Y12 receptor blocker antiplatelet agent. Which of the following drugs also belongs to this class?
Suspected skin cancer in a non-cosmetically sensitive area is best treated with which procedure?
The combination of prosthetic joints, rheumatoid/osteoarthritis, and recent intense joint trauma indicates what level of risk for septic arthritis?
Which muscle is not strengthened by Kegel exercises?
A patient presents with recurrent oral and genital ulcers and ocular inflammation; the most likely diagnosis is?
Which intervention is considered definitive for renovascular hypertension due to renal artery stenosis?
Which statement about donepezil is true?
Parkinsonism in a young patient should prompt consideration of which disease until proven otherwise?
After ruling out obstruction, which test quantifies gastric emptying to diagnose gastroparesis?
Translocation associated with follicular lymphoma is?
Massive blood loss during labor or delivery can lead to which renal finding?
Which antidepressant is used to treat anorexia with accompanying depression to stimulate appetite?
In aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, which finding is most likely to be seen on exam?
Guillain-Barré syndrome is associated with albuminocytologic dissociation. Which statement describes this CSF pattern?
In community-acquired pneumonia in a patient who has received antibiotics within the past three months, which antibiotic is preferred?
Which imaging modality provides detailed arterial mapping for potential revascularization after noninvasive tests?
A 27-year-old female with intermittent headaches and blurry vision is most consistent with which diagnosis?
A punched-out ulcer on the foot with intermittent claudication is most consistent with which vascular diagnosis?
In sarcoidosis, increased intestinal calcium absorption leads to what change in fecal calcium?
In delirium tremens, tremor is explained by sympathetic activation due to stimulation of which system?
What diagnostic test is preferred for pulmonary embolism in pregnancy?
In sickle cell nephrotic syndrome, which histology is most common?
What is the inheritance pattern of von Willebrand disease?
Which statement about hemophilia inheritance is true?
For stress incontinence due to weakened pelvic floor, what is the next best management step?
Mobitz II is defined by
CSF findings in fungal meningitis most commonly include which pattern?
Which condition involves a T cell attack against oligodendrocytes in white matter?
What is the confirmatory test for Goodpasture syndrome?
In multiple sclerosis evaluation, which statement is true about test selection when both MRI and CSF oligoclonal bands are available?
Translocation associated with APL is?
Which antibiotic is commonly used for recurrent otitis media?
Which diagnosis is most likely in a 32-year-old woman presenting with arthritis and low platelets?
The most common origin of tumors causing carcinoid syndrome is which of the following?
Which renal effect contributes to edema during NSAID therapy in osteoarthritis?
Cystic hygroma is a lymphatic malformation commonly seen with which condition?
Which serologic test is commonly used to screen for celiac disease?
Which histologic feature is described by the term 'wire looping' in lupus nephritis?
The t(9;22) translocation results in a fusion gene that encodes a constitutively active tyrosine kinase. Which therapy specifically inhibits this kinase?
Marfan or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is associated with which valve/pathology?
Cubital tunnel syndrome is caused by entrapment of which nerve at which location?
A 17-year-old female who competed in a kickboxing tournament last weekend has a red, warm, tender knee. What is the recommended initial test?
FSH stimulates which cells to promote follicle development and aromatase production?
Which therapy is used to treat hereditary hemochromatosis?
Which ovarian morphology is commonly associated with PCOS on ultrasound?
Lymphoid malignancies are almost always derived from which immune cell lineage?
Ganciclovir is used to treat CMV infections. What is its primary mechanism of action?
What is the current name for Churg-Strauss syndrome?
Which is the most common aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma?
What is the effect of sodium bicarbonate in tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) toxicity?
In a patient with significant blood loss and oliguria, which diagnosis is most likely?
Which beta-blocker is commonly used to increase preload in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (to reduce LVOT obstruction)?
Holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border plus a diastolic rumble indicates which defect?
What is the next best diagnostic step for suspected viral-induced aplastic anemia?
The t(11;14) translocation seen in mantle cell lymphoma leads to overexpression of which cell cycle regulator?
Which oral antibiotics are appropriate for erysipelas and cellulitis?
Which of the following is NOT listed as a side effect of methotrexate?
What histologic features on biopsy confirm squamous cell carcinoma?
In hypercalcemia management, when is adding a bisphosphonate recommended?
What kind of red blood cells are typical in thalassemia?
What mechanism explains the pulmonary edema in this patient with normal ejection fraction and ascites?
A patient taking high-dose vitamins presents with cracked lips, rough/dry skin, and alopecia. Excess of which vitamin is responsible?
What type of organism is Trichinella spiralis?
What is the initial diagnostic test for suspected arterial insufficiency?
For a patient who cannot exercise, which pharmacologic stress test is used to evaluate ischemia?
If a patient on a ventilator shows improving oxygen saturation, what is the next best step?
Which hormone is produced by theca interna cells under LH stimulation?
Viral infection with pancytopenia indicates which syndrome?
In a woman in the 30s-40s with random bruising at different stages of healing, what should you first rule out?
A girl is Tanner stage 3. Which statement is true?
In a pregnant woman on iron supplements with low MCV, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Aspiration pneumonia or pulmonary abscess due to anaerobes above the diaphragm is best treated with which antibiotic?
Claw hand is associated with injury to which nerve roots?
Which disease is characterized by PAS-positive macrophages in the lamina propria and arthritis?
During an acute SLE flare, which change in complement is typical?
Detrusor muscle contraction is mediated by which nerves?
A patient presents with hemoptysis, hematuria, and chronic sinusitis with nasal septal perforation. Which disease is most likely?
Sickle cell disease presenting with red urine is most consistent with which diagnosis?
Which CSF finding is most characteristic of Guillain-Barré syndrome?
After a diarrheal illness, Guillain-Barré syndrome is most classically associated with which organism?
Which lung cancer subtype is most classically associated with cavitating lesions in smokers?
Thiazide diuretics commonly cause which electrolyte disturbance?
Which description best fits hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)?
What test is used to diagnose lactose intolerance?
In a dehydrated patient with low bicarbonate, what mechanism explains the development of lactic acidosis?
Severe skin infection involving fascial planes with cutaneous crepitus is most commonly caused by which organism?
What is the first-line management for stress incontinence?
If polymyalgia rheumatica occurs without temporal arteritis, what is the recommended treatment?
Back pain in an elderly patient with hypercalcemia is most suggestive of which diagnosis?
In a 72-year-old man with intermittent claudication, absent distal pulses, prior CABG, and long-standing hypertension, what is the likely diagnosis?
Initial nonoperative management for carpal tunnel syndrome typically includes which option?
In overflow incontinence, which statement is true about postvoid residual volume?
Which statement best describes the initial management of febrile neutropenia?
In the symptom-relief phase, steroids provide what effect on disease progression?
In severe ischemia, which disease pattern would prompt consideration of coronary artery bypass grafting as the revascularization strategy?
Diagnosis of multiple myeloma is usually established with which tests in sequence?
In third-degree heart block, there is complete AV dissociation between atria and ventricles.
Which organism is NOT typically associated with reactive arthritis after GI infection?
Pronated arm with wrist drop indicates injury to which nerve?
A patient with ulcerative colitis who has elevated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase most likely has which complication?
A 30-year-old woman takes diphenhydramine to prevent motion sickness during a flight. The anti-motion effect is achieved primarily by blockade of which receptor?
Tx of osteoarthritis, when BMI is normal, should begin with?
Which cardiac tumor classically causes a diastolic murmur that is influenced by position and is described as a ball-in-valve left atrial tumor?
In a 17-year-old with mononucleosis, what is the best method to reduce transmission?
Which ANCA is typically positive in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis?
In a young adult with few or no prior symptoms, a presentation suggesting lactose intolerance is most consistent with which diagnosis?
In a patient with SVT or VT presenting with coma or unconsciousness, the initial rhythm-control treatment is
Which condition presents with microcytic anemia that does not improve with iron supplementation?
Viral infection with tinnitus and vertigo with possible neurosensory hearing loss suggests which condition?
Which two laboratory findings are typically elevated in cholestasis?
In leukemoid reaction, which laboratory finding is typically increased?
What is the initial antibiotic of choice for uncomplicated otitis media?
If left untreated, a strawberry hemangioma typically demonstrates which course?
Which therapy is used to treat secondary hemochromatosis (transfusional siderosis)?
Which statement is true about polyarteritis nodosa?
External compression of the left renal artery with preserved perfusion pressure is explained by which arteriolar adjustment?
In a young adult with emphysema but no smoking history and a family history of hepatic cirrhosis, testing should target which deficiency?
Which of the following is a major risk factor for aortic dissection?
Which AV block is most likely to require pacemaker therapy?
How is compartment syndrome diagnosed?
Which feature is more characteristic of meningitis than encephalitis?
Which pattern of bruising is described as typical for ITP?
In selective IgA deficiency, which celiac serology is unreliable?
Which procedure is routinely used to plan revascularization after noninvasive testing shows severe ischemia?
Which autoantibody typically rises during acute SLE flares?
What is considered first-line therapy for both Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis (before steroids in many cases)?
In uremic pericarditis associated with renal failure and a friction rub over the chest, what is the definitive management?
In a cross-sectional study of 500 factory workers assessing smoking status and COPD prevalence, which statement is true?
Point tenderness over a vertebra in patient with autoimmune disease recognize patient is on steroids. Most likely diagnosis?
ARDS must have a PaO2/FiO2 ratio of less than what value?
Which statement about sickle cell inheritance is true?
In Bruton, which of the following is true about B cells?
Which enzyme deficiency causes the autosomal recessive form of SCID?
The hormonal mechanism behind gallstone formation in pregnancy involves:
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia typically shows what pattern on chest radiograph in an immunocompromised patient?
Which pattern best distinguishes thalassemia from iron deficiency anemia?
Sickle cell disease with nephrotic-range proteinuria most commonly shows which glomerular lesion?
What is polyarteritis nodosa?
Which antibody is most specific for systemic lupus erythematosus?
The combination of wet, wobbly, wacky signs with Parkinsonism most strongly suggests which diagnosis?
What is the mechanism of action of spironolactone?
In alcohol use, retrograde amnesia with confabulation suggests which condition?
Lymphatic streaking after a hand infection is most consistent with which diagnosis?
For secondary hemochromatosis due to chronic transfusions, the indicated therapy is?
A patient with fever, periorbital edema, and myalgias after a BBQ likely has infection with which parasite?
A 23-year-old woman presents with severe dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain. Pelvic examination reveals nodularity of the uterosacral ligaments. Which test is most definitive to confirm endometriosis?
Hashimoto thyroiditis increases risk of which thyroid-associated malignancy?
Which statement best differentiates polymyalgia rheumatica from polymyositis?
In PCOS, insulin resistance contributes to abnormal GnRH pulsatility, resulting in what pattern of LH to FSH?
A typical triad for aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease includes asthma, nasal polyps, and sensitivity to NSAIDs such as aspirin.
Which agent is listed for Wilson disease treatment?
Exposure to benzene is most strongly associated with which hematologic malignancy?
In a patient with high ALP and direct bilirubin, normal amylase/lipase, and recent cholecystectomy, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Which is the most common blood transfusion reaction?
What is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for Alzheimer disease?
Which medication is used to treat cysticercosis?
A dental care worker with vesicle on the finger most likely has which diagnosis?
Which is the correct treatment for earwax buildup?
Point tenderness over a vertebra in an older woman. Most likely diagnosis?
Polyarteritis nodosa is associated with which infection?
A patient with progressive paresthesias and areflexia; CSF shows protein 70 mg/dL and cell count 5/µL. What is the mechanism behind this condition?
Vomiting a few hours after ingestion of meat is most consistent with which toxin?
Which vessels are notably not affected in polyarteritis nodosa?
What is the mechanism of viral-induced aplastic anemia?
Which statement about pericarditis treatment is true?
Celecoxib increases cardiovascular risk because it selectively inhibits COX-2, reducing prostacyclin synthesis without significantly inhibiting which other prostanoid?
Which combination of findings is most supportive for diagnosing Guillain-Barré syndrome?
Infection + RBC lacking central pallor + positive Coombs test indicate which diagnosis?
Biochemical disturbances in Conn syndrome include which of the following patterns?
Infective causes of third-degree AV block include which of the following?
A 14-year-old girl has a massive unilateral breast mass. The recommended management is to...
Hx of surgery and high-pitched bowel sounds or acute-onset abdominal symptoms suggests which diagnosis?
Which rash is most characteristic of dermatomyositis and should not be confused with the malar rash of SLE?
A pearly, translucent papule with visible telangiectasia on the face is most suggestive of which skin cancer?
A 38-year-old woman develops a facial rash after gardening. What is the most likely cause?
If a first-degree relative has colon cancer diagnosed at age 50, when should you begin screening?
In a woman aged 20–40 presenting with arthritis and thrombocytopenia, which diagnosis is most likely?
Which murmur pattern is associated with a congenital defect that may be described as pan-systolic-pan-diastolic and as continuous machinery-like?
After repairing a ventricular septal defect with a prosthetic patch, which change in pressures best describes LV, RV, and LA pressures?
A net-like pattern of IgG on immunofluorescence suggests which diagnosis?
Apart from hypertension control, thiazide diuretics reduce the risk of kidney stones due to hypocalciuria. This protective effect is primarily against which condition?
In Bruton, which immunoglobulin pattern is expected?
Which drug is used to treat hereditary angioedema?
Which test is commonly used to diagnose cryptococcal meningitis?
Which of the following best describes the initial management of necrotizing fasciitis?
Which CSF pattern suggests aseptic (viral) meningitis?
In a child with a heart tumor, which diagnosis is most likely until proven otherwise?
The recommended initial treatment for otitis externa is:
What is the most important prognostic factor for melanoma?
A patient on warfarin presents with suspected pulmonary embolism. What is the recommended next step?
Tx for polyarteritis nodosa?
Nursemaid's elbow most commonly presents in which age group?
In septic shock caused by gram-negative bacteria, which receptor complex recognizes endotoxin and triggers cytokine release?
A 25-year-old with intermittent bloody diarrhea, fever, and weight loss is most consistent with which condition?
What is the treatment for an SLE flare?
In pulmonary contusion, aggressive IV fluids can worsen oxygenation due to fluid overload. What outcome would you expect?
Brisk upstroke + precipitous downstroke of pulse indicates which condition?
Are varicose veins considered a form of venous insufficiency?
In rheumatoid arthritis, which cervical abnormality is of particular concern due to potential instability?
Anovulation in PCOS typical?
Point tenderness over a vertebra in a younger patient on steroids. Most likely diagnosis?
Costovertebral angle tenderness with fever indicates which condition?
Which medication is used to treat discoid lupus?
In sarcoidosis, which cell type is responsible for producing 1-alpha hydroxylase leading to hypercalcemia?
Which drug should be avoided in patients with a history of uric acid stones or uric acid overproduction?
In sarcoidosis-related hypercalcemia, what happens to PTH levels?
Which antifungal is an echinocandin used to treat invasive aspergillosis?
Duplex ultrasound in venous insufficiency most commonly demonstrates which finding?
In osteomyelitis for a patient with sickle cell disease, which antibiotic should be added?
Rheumatic heart disease that develops years after the initial infection most commonly causes which lesion?
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is inherited in which pattern?
What is the standard treatment for varicose veins?
Bosentan MOA?
Which finding on the hands is a hallmark of dermatomyositis?
In suspected acute ischemic stroke, which imaging study must be obtained before giving tPA to exclude hemorrhage?
Hematuria plus hemoptysis and head-itis symptoms such as mastoiditis, sinusitis, otitis, and nasal septal perforation is most characteristic of which disease?
In a patient with cough-variant asthma, approximately what fraction of asthmatics present with cough as the sole symptom?
In Carney complex, endocrine hypersecretion classically presents as which condition due to bilateral pigmented zona fasciculata hyperplasia?
Which presentation most distinguishes myocardial contusion from pulmonary contusion?
Which is a common side-effect of metformin?
Which of the following is ineffective for treating esophageal candidiasis?
Which is a consequence of increased intestinal calcium absorption in sarcoidosis?
Which skin cancer is most likely to metastasize quickly?
Outbreaks from recreational water and resistance to chlorine are most commonly associated with which parasite?
A traveler with bloody diarrhea and right upper quadrant pain most likely has a liver abscess due to which organism?
A patient develops dyspnea, hypoxemia, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates within hours after a transfusion. What is the diagnosis?
In trauma, paradoxical chest movement with outward movement on exhalation and inward movement on inhalation indicates which injury?
Porphyria cutanea tarda results from deficiency of which enzyme?
What is the initial management step in suspected pulmonary embolism before imaging?
Empiric antibiotic therapy for suspected bacterial meningitis typically includes which combination?
Worm in the eye is most commonly caused by which parasite?
Donepezil inhibits which enzyme to increase cholinergic transmission?
What is a common cause of vitamin K deficiency in adults?
Samter triad refers to which combination of conditions?
Overflow incontinence is suggested by a high post-void residual volume, typically around 300-400 mL. Which type of incontinence does this indicate?
A patient with secondary syphilis develops fever and tachycardia shortly after starting penicillin G. Which mechanism best explains this reaction?
Which finding on digital rectal examination is most indicative of prostatitis?
After a barium swallow shows bird’s beak appearance, the next step to confirm the diagnosis of achalasia is?
If the cholestatic labs persist with negative CT for pancreatic cancer, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Ankylosing spondylitis most commonly presents in which demographic group?
What acid-base disturbance is typically seen with aspirin toxicity in the first 20 minutes?
Not typically a first-line therapy for a newly diagnosed Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis?
A patient develops an allergic-like reaction after eating shellfish. This is most consistent with which diagnosis?
Cherry red lips are a classic clinical clue for which type of poisoning?
What is the product of the t(9;22) translocation?
A study reports sugar consumption and prostate cancer with p = 0.07. Which statement best reflects the result?
Which statement best describes initial and definitive management for renovascular hypertension due to RAS or FMD?
Recent cholecystectomy with fever and abdominal pain most strongly suggests which complication?
Which condition is suggested by a cholestatic pattern with diffuse pruritus and high cholesterol?
Prevention of otitis externa in someone with constant water exposure, such as a crew team, relies on which measure?
Regarding tPA use for pulmonary embolism, which statement is most accurate?
Which of the following is true regarding tinea capitis management?
Which drug is commonly used for malaria prophylaxis in chloroquine-resistant areas?
A patient wakes up with facial droop and arm weakness; regarding tPA eligibility, which statement is most accurate?
Medullary thyroid carcinoma is a feature of which MEN syndromes?
Type III hypersensitivity is best characterized by which immunologic mechanism?
Management of serotonin syndrome includes which of the following?
Riedel thyroiditis presents with which classic finding?
Polycythemia vera typically shows which combination of erythropoietin level and arterial oxygen content?
An AIDS patient with a CD4 count of 47 cells per microliter presents with confluent ulcers on colonoscopy. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Which medication is a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist used to treat urge incontinence?
Centriacinar emphysema is most strongly associated with which risk factor?
Auer rods on peripheral smear are most diagnostic of:
Which statement about symmetry is true for rheumatoid arthritis versus osteoarthritis?
Which drug is associated with hypokalemia in patients with cardiovascular disease?
Which WBC threshold in ascitic fluid defines spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?
In a patient with a history of GERD and dysphagia, what is the recommended next step to evaluate for cancer?
An ulcerated lesion with visible telangiectasia is most consistent with which diagnosis?
Viral infection with vertigo and hearing loss is termed which condition?
In the glucose clearance study, which hormone explains faster clearance when nutrients are eaten with meals?
Which part of the clavicle is most commonly fractured?
In arterial insufficiency, what is the recommended treatment sequence?
Von Willebrand disease is inherited in which pattern?
Hereditary angioedema is due to deficiency of which protein?
Which malaria species is associated with fever spikes every 48 hours?
Which Plasmodium species is known for relapse due to dormant liver hypnozoites?
A patient with hypercalcemia and confusion most likely has which manifestation?
A more diffuse pink skin lesion with tenderness and fever most likely indicates:
A child has recurrent joint pain, elevated ESR, and a rash. The most likely diagnosis is:
Polycythemia with hypercalcemia in a smoker and red urine most likely represents which malignancy with paraneoplastic features?
Which CSF profile is typical of bacterial meningitis?
In suspected lumbosacral strain, which diagnostic action is recommended?
Actinic keratosis is a precursor lesion for which skin cancer?
Which option correctly lists the caloric content per gram for fat, carbohydrate, protein, and ethanol?
Which cancer is classically associated with osteoblastic metastases to bone, particularly in the long bones?
Which pattern most strongly supports iron deficiency anemia over anemia of chronic disease?
Nasal septal perforation with sinusitis is most characteristic of which disease?
Which statement about pericarditis management is true?
What is the primary pathophysiologic mechanism of venous insufficiency?
In constitutional short stature, how does the growth curve typically appear relative to peers?
Laron dwarfism is caused by a defect in which receptor, leading to insensitivity to growth hormone?
Bronze diabetes is a classic presentation of which disease?
Hematuria in isolation with p-ANCA in serum points to which disease?
What is the recommended MMR dosing schedule?
What is the best approach to prevent melanoma?
Which histologic finding on small bowel biopsy would indicate celiac disease rather than isolated lactose intolerance?
A common metabolic feature often seen with PCOS due to insulin resistance is?
A 27-year-old man with infertility presents with high testosterone and low LH/FSH; most likely cause?
Patients with selective IgA deficiency are at risk of anaphylaxis during transfusion of blood products containing IgA. Which option reflects this risk?
In carcinoid syndrome, when the tumor is located in the GI tract with liver metastasis, serotonin reaches systemic circulation; if there is no liver metastasis, what is true about serotonin?
Continuous, machinery-like murmur indicates which defect?
Hyperviscosity syndrome is most commonly associated with which conditions?
During rest and during running, when do the coronary arteries primarily fill?
CREST syndrome can cause which lung pathology?
In Cushing syndrome, which electrolyte abnormality is most likely to occur?
Which statement best defines the shawl sign in dermatomyositis?
After induction therapy for cryptococcal meningitis, what is the recommended consolidation/maintenance therapy?
The initial pharmacologic treatment for VT is:
For PCOS patients who do not desire pregnancy, which medication is commonly used as first-line pharmacotherapy?
A 17-year-old with cellulitis not improving on amoxicillin; which statement best describes the likely organism and outpatient management?
If NSAIDs and steroids are not used in an acute gout attack, what is an alternative treatment?
In suspected aortic dissection, which chest imaging finding is commonly observed?
What is the preferred pharmacologic treatment for delirium tremens in USMLE-style questions?
Which parasite infection is commonly associated with selective IgA deficiency according to the material?
Which statement about the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease is correct?
Propranolol helps with tachycardia in hyperthyroidism primarily by which mechanism?
In overflow incontinence, what postvoid residual volume is typical?
Which small bowel biopsy finding would most strongly distinguish lactose intolerance from celiac disease?
A patient has marked leukocytosis with a low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score. The most probable diagnosis is:
Anuria after removal of a urinary catheter most strongly suggests which cause?
Pleural plaques on imaging suggest exposure to which substance?
An ECG showing electrical alternans most likely indicates which condition?
Reed-Sternberg cells immunophenotype in Hodgkin lymphoma typically includes which markers?
Preoperative management of pheochromocytoma commonly uses which alpha-blocker?
Which class of receptor mediates the action of insulin signaling?
Most lymphoid malignancies are derived from which cell lineage?
What is the mechanism of viral-induced aplastic anemia?
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is primarily due to dysfunction in which part of the immune system?
What is the preferred antibiotic in sepsis?
Which gynecologic condition presents with diffusely enlarged uterus and abnormal vaginal bleeding?
In a patient with a red, warm, tender knee, what is the initial diagnostic step to evaluate for septic arthritis?
Which enzyme in granulosa cells is responsible for estrogen production by converting androgens?
LH stimulates which cells in females to produce androgens?
In suspected dermatomyositis, which finding is most helpful as an initial diagnostic test?
Which antibody is historically associated with the diagnosis of celiac disease alongside anti-tTG?
Urge incontinence is commonly observed in individuals with multiple sclerosis or during the perimenopausal period. Which type is most likely?
Chronic mesenteric ischemia typically presents with which symptom pattern?
What type of granulomas characterize sarcoidosis?
Vomiting after custards, creams, or potato salad is most likely due to preformed enterotoxins from which organism?
Drug-induced lupus is most characteristically associated with autoantibodies to which antigen?
Which coagulation parameter pattern is typical of vitamin K deficiency?
In a patient with radiculopathy after lifting, which diagnostic step is indicated?
In cystic fibrosis, the statement that the pneumonia pathogen shifts from Staphylococcus aureus in children to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in older patients is true.
Which drug is a beta-3 agonist used to treat urge incontinence?
Which therapy is used to reduce relapse risk between MS flares?
Common adverse effect of imatinib includes?
In diagnosing multiple sclerosis, which test is preferred when both MRI and CSF IgG oligoclonal bands are listed?
Which vessel size is predominantly affected in polyarteritis nodosa?
Which statement about basal cell carcinoma is true?
Why is FEV1/FVC normal or high in restrictive lung disease?
What is included in the diagnostic workup for polymyositis?
Which macronutrients provide 4 kcal per gram?
Severe renal disease in GPA, Goodpasture, or MP is best termed?
If imaging is negative for pancreatic cancer but suspicion remains due to cholestasis, which malignancy should be considered?
Which diagnosis is most likely in a 32-year-old woman with resistant hypertension and high renin?
What acid-base disturbance is typically seen in an acute asthma attack?
In asthma, progression from type I to type II respiratory failure is associated with what change in CO2?
Ciprofloxacin belongs to which class of antibiotics?
An immunocompromised patient has a nodular density in the upper lobe on imaging. The most likely diagnosis is aspergilloma. What is the next best diagnostic step?
In prostate cancer management, which sequence is commonly used when combining therapies?
Which receptor agonism is associated with pain and itching?
Back pain that worsens with standing or walking for long periods is most typical of which condition?
In sepsis treatment for young children, which antibiotic is preferred?
What test confirms the diagnosis of sickle cell disease?
DPGN stands for which condition?
Ulcers at the medial malleolus with hyperpigmentation of the lower legs most strongly suggest which diagnosis?
Which disease is potentially cured by colectomy?
Propranolol is not indicated for which of the following conditions?
Which of the following is a clotting-factor related manifestation of von Willebrand disease?
In a patient with insulinoma, why are ketone bodies typically low during fasting?
RPGN with crescent formation is seen in which conditions?
Which drug is classically associated with drug-induced lupus?
Which medication is recommended acutely to decrease shear forces in suspected acute aortic dissection?
Acute intermittent porphyria is caused by deficiency of which enzyme?
Which imaging modality is noninvasive and uses magnetic resonance to visualize the bile ducts?
In early RA, what is the recommended step if methotrexate alone is insufficient?
Which history factor increases suspicion for ARDS in a trauma patient?
A holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border with a diastolic rumble is most consistent with which defect?
Which histologic feature is classically described as having 'owl eyes' in Hodgkin lymphoma?
Which treatment is used for von Willebrand disease?
For hypercalcemia with a calcium of 10.2-12 mg/dL, which initial therapy is recommended?
Overflow incontinence due to benign prostatic hyperplasia is primarily caused by which mechanism?
The term bronze diabetes refers to iron overload in which disorder?
In an upright person, how do ventilation and perfusion change from apex to base?
For patients who cannot undergo surgery or are pregnant, what medical therapy is used for cholelithiasis?
In a neonate with a large vascular lesion and thrombocytopenia, what is the mechanism behind the low platelet count?
In the setting of a viral infection with pancytopenia affecting all three cell lines, what is the diagnosis?
In an HIV patient with lobar pneumonia, which organism is most likely?
Sickle cell trait provides partial protection against malaria due to which mechanism?
In suspected scaphoid fracture with a negative initial X-ray, what should be done to prevent avascular necrosis risk?
Hypopigmentation on the upper back and trunk is most consistent with which fungal condition?
A 13-year-old girl has never had a period and presents with suprapubic mass and nausea. The next best step is to?
Injury at the midshaft of the humerus predominantly involves which nerve?
In adults with a heart tumor, which diagnosis is most likely before biopsy?
Dysphagia to solids and liquids at the same time suggests which neurogenic cause?
Which antibiotic is associated with poor skin penetration for MRSA skin infections?
Which dementia tends to show early behavioral changes with relatively preserved memory?
Brown or chocolate-colored blood is characteristic of which condition?
A 40-year-old man with Hodgkin lymphoma has an accompanying nephrotic syndrome. Which condition is classically associated?
Which lab pattern is consistent with gallstone pancreatitis (choledocholithiasis)?
Delirium in a patient taking a thiazide diuretic may indicate which electrolyte disturbance?
Which nerve keeps the internal urethral sphincter closed?
In beta-thalassemia trait, which hemoglobin fraction is typically elevated on electrophoresis?
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome features mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation and which type of GI polyps?
A 46-year-old man with a history of heavy alcohol use presents with a peripheral smear showing hypersegmented neutrophils. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely?
In a patient undergoing chemotherapy with leukopenia, which agent is most likely to increase neutrophil count?
What unique finding is seen on blood smear in APL?
What radiographic feature is commonly seen in sarcoidosis?
The minimum age to start the killed influenza vaccine is
A patient has a urine dipstick that shows positive for blood, but there are no red blood cells on microscopy. Which of the following is the most likely cause?
What best describes the role of IκB in NF-κB signaling?
Actinic keratosis presents as a sun-exposed red, scaly lesion on the ear. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What radiographic finding corresponds to emphysema?
Which is NOT a classic metabolic side effect of thiazide diuretics?
A patient with left facial droop, left-sided weakness, and Babinski on the left is most consistent with which lesion and mechanism?
Amenorrhea in anorexia is an example of what type of hypogonadism?
Propranolol is used to prevent bleeding from which condition?
What condition is suggested by a palpable step-off of one vertebra relative to the one below?
Which ECG finding is most characteristic of cardiac tamponade?
During rewarming after hypothermia, which electrolyte abnormality is most concerning?
The leukotriene modifiers (the -lukasts) act by which mechanism?
Unilateral hydronephrosis due to ureteral compression by a vascular structure is most commonly caused by which artery?
In Western countries, Burkitt lymphoma most commonly presents as which type of mass?
The most common etiologic organism causing erysipelas is:
An 80-year-old man with atrial fibrillation presents with severe abdominal pain but mild physical findings. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Two main causes of pseudogout are?
Which statement best aligns with the imaging distinction between choledochal cysts and cholangiocarcinoma?
Which syndrome presents with ataxia, confusion, and ophthalmoplegia and is associated with thiamine deficiency?
In sickle cell disease, nephrotic syndrome is most commonly associated with which histologic lesion?
For diabetic gastroparesis management, which medication is preferred as initial therapy?
Initial treatment for temporal arteritis to prevent blindness?
A mid-systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur that does not change or softens with Valsalva indicates which lesion?
Which statement explains why facial nerve movement may recover after injury while vision does not?
Gas production in soft tissue infection is most classically associated with which organism?
Which of the following describes the platelet-related manifestations of von Willebrand disease?
After initial treatment of a pediatric acute asthma attack, if O2 remains low but CO2 and pH are normal, what is the next best step?
Colon cancer in a first-degree relative (sibling or parent) changes the screening plan in which way?
Linear immunofluorescence on biopsy is classically associated with which condition that affects the kidneys and lungs?
Which congenital infection is classically associated with patent ductus arteriosus?
If the baseline ECG is abnormal (for example, bundle-branch block), which test is preferred to evaluate ischemia?
Gottron papules are a hallmark of which disease and are located on which area?
For a rheumatoid arthritis patient with new neurologic symptoms, which imaging modality is most informative for detecting atlantoaxial subluxation?
Supracondylar fracture of the humerus is classically associated with injury to which nerve?
In premature ovarian failure, inhibin levels are typically what?
Which smear finding is pathognomonic for Babesia infection?
Which of the following is a major side effect of beta-blockers?
Which thyroid cancer is typically associated with a cold nodule on radionuclide uptake scanning?
In the testes, which cell type predominantly produces testosterone?
Which feature best differentiates thalassemia trait from iron deficiency anemia among a patient with microcytosis?
Claw hand results from injury to which nerve root levels?
In vaginal candidiasis, what is the recommended initial treatment approach?
In anemia of chronic disease, which statement about iron is most accurate?
Tuberous sclerosis complex is inherited in which pattern?
A 2-year-old boy has writhing movements during sleep and periventricular nodules on MRI. Which associated finding would support a diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex?
Which organism is most likely responsible for non-bullous impetigo?
Which scenario most strongly suggests osteoporosis-related compression fracture?
Urine dipstick shows blood, but microscopic examination reveals 0-4 red blood cells per high-power field. This finding most strongly points to which diagnosis?
Which antibody rises in acute SLE flares?
If endoscopy is negative for diabetic gastroparesis, what test should be used to confirm delayed gastric emptying?
A child has recurrent joint pain and anemia. The most likely diagnosis is:
Which disease is more likely to present with oral mucosal involvement and a positive Nikolsky sign due to fragile bullae that rupture easily?
Which marker is elevated in medullary thyroid carcinoma?
Bleeding after circumcision in a neonate is most characteristic of which disorder?
ST-segment depressions in the anterior ECG leads most strongly suggest which diagnosis?
Which imaging modality confirms cholelithiasis?
Goodpasture syndrome involves antibodies against which component?
Crescent-shaped lesions in glomeruli define which renal pathology pattern?
During an acute MS relapse, which regimen is most commonly used?
Naproxen belongs to which drug class?
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is associated with damage to which brain structure?
Which laboratory finding is most suggestive of drug-induced lupus compared to idiopathic SLE?
After a fall on an outstretched hand with tenderness in the anatomical snuffbox, which fracture is most likely?
What is the definitive surgical treatment for symptomatic cholelithiasis or cholecystitis?
Which population is at highest risk for malignant otitis externa?
Which malaria species is considered the most severe due to risk of cerebral malaria?
Hyper IgM syndrome results from deficiency of which molecule on T cells, preventing activation of B cells for isotype class switching?
A BUN/Cr ratio less than 20 makes prerenal azotemia unlikely. Which etiology would be more likely instead?
Urinary incontinence with ataxia and signs of CNS dysfunction described as the wet, wobbly, wacky triad points to which condition?
Which antibody is associated with drug-induced lupus?
A 72-year-old woman with a history of radical mastectomy presents with hard, raised purple lesions on the arm. Dx?
Which antibody is most specific for rheumatoid arthritis?
Nutrition calorie counts: which macronutrient provides 9 kcal per gram?
Which ANCA is typically positive in Wegener granulomatosis?
Which feature differentiates MEN2B from MEN2A?
Leg swelling plus pain plus shortness of breath most likely indicates which diagnosis?
In cystic fibrosis patients, which organism becomes the predominant pneumonia pathogen in adolescence compared with early childhood?
A 13-year-old girl with an acute asthma attack is treated with albuterol. The tremor that follows is most likely due to stimulation of which receptor?
In premature ovarian failure and menopause, which hormonal pattern is typical?
In dermatitis herpetiformis, which immunoglobulin is deposited at the dermal papillae?
Bleeding from a finger cut stops rapidly due to which vascular mechanism?
Which measure reduces the risk of transmission of tinea capitis?
In an adult with cognitive decline and microcytic anemia, which enzymes are inhibited by lead?
Which condition is now named eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis?
In diabetic ketoacidosis, which of the following patterns best describes the electrolyte and acid-base disturbances?
The finding of autoimmune disease in a patient or family with cholestasis points toward which diagnosis?
The treatment of cardiac tamponade typically includes which intervention?
A 44-year-old man with hematuria and hemoptysis is most likely to have which syndrome?
Which statement best describes the genetic origin of a complete hydatidiform mole?
What immunofluorescence pattern is seen on renal biopsy in Goodpasture syndrome?
Which of the following is an effective topical antifungal shampoo for seborrheic dermatitis?
A patient presents with marked leukocytosis and a high leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score. The most likely diagnosis is:
What is the mechanism of ITP?
Which organism is primarily associated with invasive intestinal amebiasis and potential liver abscess, often treated with a tissue-active agent followed by a luminal agent?
Which disease is classically associated with a bamboo spine on X-ray?
What is the most effective way to decrease recurrence of ITP?
Buspirone is typically used as what in generalized anxiety disorder?
First-line treatment for hereditary hemochromatosis is which?
What is the diagnostic and therapeutic procedure of choice for suspected choledocholithiasis?
If there is tenderness in the snuffbox but initial radiographs are negative, what is the recommended management?
Splenectomy is a treatment option for which hereditary red blood cell membrane disorder?
Pelvic floor exercises are used to treat which type of incontinence?
What is a common empiric therapy for community-acquired pneumonia?
What is the treatment of impetigo?
Which nematode is associated with pork consumption and trichinellosis?
Which statement best contrasts the hematopoietic effects of viral-induced aplastic anemia with SLE?
The anemia seen in juvenile arthritis is best described as:
A 15-year-old male presents with a unilateral breast mass behind the nipple and mild tenderness. The most likely explanation is?
Neonate born to a mother with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is at risk for which conduction abnormality?
In portal hypertension with esophageal varices, which vein has increased blood flow?
What is the most common presenting finding in SLE?
Which finding helps distinguish beta-thalassemia trait from iron deficiency anemia?
On hand radiographs, which joints are typically involved in rheumatoid arthritis?
Lead poisoning on peripheral smear commonly shows which finding?
In a cancer patient with fever 103F, Hb 7 g/dL, platelets 50,000 and neutropenia, the next best step is?
Which presentation is commonly associated with pseudogout?
Nitrofurantoin is used to treat cystitis in which patient group?
What is an appropriate treatment for erysipelas and cellulitis?
Which organism is now the most common cause of impetigo?
In evaluating tPA eligibility for stroke, which timing concept is used?
Taenia solium can cause which condition?
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome includes perioral hyperpigmentation and what type of GI polyps?
Which therapy is commonly given to MS patients between flares as a disease-modifying agent?
For chronic gout to reduce recurrence, which class of drugs is used?
What is the initial management for suspected pulmonary embolism before diagnostic imaging?
After positive celiac serology, what is the next best step to confirm the diagnosis?
Dysphagia to solids that progresses to solids and liquids is most characteristic of which condition?
Which statement best describes anti-histone antibodies in drug-induced lupus?
A patient with arthritis, mouth ulcers, and circular skin lesions most likely has which disease?
Which statement about Type I hypersensitivity is true?
Which finding is associated with herpes simplex encephalitis?
Which disorder is associated with vertical gaze palsy and axial dystonia?
If a mother’s hepatitis B status is unknown, what is the recommended handling for the newborn at birth?
The combination of metamyelocytes and myelocytes in the peripheral smear with splenomegaly is most characteristic of which condition?
The SAD triad of syncope, angina, and dyspnea is most commonly associated with which condition?
Dyspnea late in pregnancy is most consistent with which diagnosis?
Halitosis plus a gurgling sound when swallowing and regurgitation of undigested food is most characteristic of which condition?
Rotavirus vaccine should be given during infancy at which ages?
Rasburicase is used to treat hyperuricemia in which condition?
Violaceous papules in the temporal region are most consistent with which syndrome?
Cutaneous candida infection is treated with which?
What is the best diagnostic test for malaria?
In immunocompromised patients, watery diarrhea is most likely caused by which organism?
Which dementia is also known as Pick disease?
For adults aged 65 and older, what is the recommended pneumococcal vaccination sequence?
In suspected diabetic gastroparesis, what test should be performed before initiating pharmacologic therapy to exclude mechanical obstruction?
The sickle cell mutation involves substitution of which amino acid in the beta-globin chain?
In multiple sclerosis, urinary incontinence is most often due to which type?
What is the standard surgical management for a choledochal cyst?
Augmentin is preferred in which otitis media scenario?
Beefy red, well-demarcated skin plaque is most consistent with which diagnosis?
Which porphyria is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion?
A 35-year-old woman with menorrhagia and signs of hypothyroidism asks what test to order next. Which is the most appropriate next step?
A mid-systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur that worsens with Valsalva is most characteristic of which condition?
What is the treatment for earwax buildup?
PR depressions on ECG are highly specific for which condition?
When is a LABA typically added in the stepwise management of asthma?
Which treatment promotes urinary excretion of salicylates during overdose?
Which prostanoid is decreased by selective COX-2 inhibitors, contributing to an increased thrombotic risk?
What measure is recommended to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy?
The mechanism of stress incontinence primarily involves weakness of which anatomical support?
A wrist drop is most commonly due to injury of which nerve?
Third-degree heart block is characterized by
How often should colonoscopy be repeated after initial screening if a relative has colon cancer?
Whom should you never give thiazides to?
Metastases to long bones from prostate cancer are typically what type, aiding in diagnosis?
Naproxen is commonly associated with which condition in typical exam vignettes?
Which autoimmune disease is commonly associated with pericarditis?
Which vitamin deficiency is classically implicated in Wernicke encephalopathy?
Pseudodementia is suggested by which pattern on testing and behavior?
What histologic findings are seen in basal cell carcinoma?
In Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, when should adjunctive corticosteroids be added to TMP-SMX?
Lacunar infarcts causing pure motor stroke are most commonly due to lipohyalinosis of which arteries?
A 17-year-old girl presents with a painless lateral neck mass and a mediastinal mass. This presentation is most suggestive of which lymphoma?
Calcitonin lowers serum calcium primarily by which mechanism?
Dark urine in sickle cell disease is most consistent with which pathology?
Acute pseudogout is typically treated similarly to acute gout; which is a common first-line approach?
Which feature helps distinguish costochondritis from pericarditis?
Late-peaking systolic murmur with an ejection click describes which condition?
Which of the following is among common drugs that can cause agranulocytosis?
Which organism is most commonly responsible for cellulitis?
The live-attenuated intranasal influenza vaccine is approved for which population?
In a patient with high ALP, high direct bilirubin, normal amylase/lipase after remote cholecystectomy, which diagnosis is most likely?
A child with suspected JRA has a sore knee. What must be done to rule out septic arthritis?
For diagnosing Aspergilloma, which is listed as the definitive method in the source?
Zenker plus achalasia initial diagnostic modality is which test?
In temporal arteritis presenting with proximal muscle stiffness, which additional diagnosis is commonly considered?
Brown recluse spider bite is associated with which presenting symptom and management approach?
First-line topical therapy for seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp includes which of the following?
What is the treatment of a new acute flare of multiple sclerosis?
What is the preferred antidote for ethylene glycol and methanol poisoning?
Which intervention more significantly reduces stroke risk?
A child with marked lymphocytosis should raise suspicion for which two conditions, one of which is a malignant process?
What is the recommended management for a strawberry hemangioma that is not life-threatening and is expected to regress spontaneously?
Which immunosuppressive agent is commonly added to steroids for lupus nephritis management?
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors in females commonly cause which hormonal effect?
What is the most common indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma?
A young patient with a vesicular, painful rash along a flank and multinucleated giant cells. Which infection should be considered for HIV screening?
Myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve causes which condition?
In Western countries, the most common underlying cause of bronchiectasis is which condition?
Which agent is used orally for nail bed fungus?
What is the recommended treatment for tinea capitis?
Turner syndrome is most commonly associated with which karyotype?
In a cystic fibrosis patient younger than 10 with pneumonia, which organism predominates?
Which of the following beta-blockers is NOT listed as decreasing mortality in heart failure?
An 82-year-old man presents with dribbling, hesitancy, interrupted urinary stream and a suprapubic mass. What is the initial management?
A patient lifts a heavy box and develops severe back pain with radiculopathy after lifting; which diagnosis is most likely?
Which pattern best fits anemia of chronic disease?
In acute pulmonary embolism, what acid-base disturbance is typically observed?
A BUN/Cr ratio greater than 20 most classically indicates which pattern?
What is the appropriate sequence of management for a patient with suspected pulmonary embolism who is already on warfarin?
What mechanism explains aspirin-induced bronchoconstriction in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease?
In overflow incontinence due to diabetic neuropathy, which drug is used to stimulate detrusor contraction?
Which immunofluorescence pattern is seen in bullous pemphigoid?
Which inheritance pattern best describes X-linked SCID?
How will agranulocytosis present on USMLE?
In fibromuscular dysplasia with a normal GFR, which arteriolar change helps maintain GFR?
In restrictive lung disease, FEV1/FVC is typically:
In Addison disease, what electrolyte pattern is expected?
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is most commonly caused by mutations in which protein?
What is the recommended enzyme replacement therapy for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency due to chronic pancreatitis?
Pseudogout presents in two patterns: one is monoarthritis of a large joint such as the knee; the other is an osteoarthritis-like presentation in someone with which conditions?
What is considered first-line treatment for an acute gout attack?
Which features characterize MEN2B?
During bladder storage, detrusor relaxation is primarily mediated by which nerve input?
Which treatment is used during an acute attack of acute intermittent porphyria?
Low calcium or potassium not responding to supplementation should prompt assessment of which electrolyte?
Oropharyngeal candidiasis is treated with which?
Which of the following best describes the hemostasis test results typically seen in ITP?
Screening at age 50 includes which of the following combinations?
During an ITP episode, what is the next best step in management?
Which demographic is most affected by SLE?
First-line therapy for CML is?
What is the recommended management for cubital tunnel syndrome?
A high hemoglobin level in the setting of lung disease or low oxygen tension indicates which form of polycythemia?
Why might chloroquine prophylaxis fail in a traveler to Africa?
Which statement best describes the tympanostomy tube criterion?
Newborn with chorioretinitis and microcephaly is most consistent with infection by which congenital pathogen?
What is the mechanism of action of chloroquine?
What is the standard acute treatment for multiple sclerosis flares?
If renal failure is the cause of anemia of chronic disease, what is an appropriate treatment?
Pneumonia with exposure to rabbits which organism is most likely?
What is the most common organism causing erysipelas?
Which organism is most commonly associated with preformed toxins in custards and potato salad?
In hereditary hemochromatosis, what is the mechanism that leads to diabetes?
Which pattern of emphysema is characteristic of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?
In a patient with high blood pressure, smoking, and a history of TIA or stroke or retinal artery occlusion, what is the best strategy to decrease stroke risk?
In rhabdomyolysis, which urine finding best explains a dipstick positive for blood with no RBCs on microscopy?
Mantle cell lymphoma is characteristically associated with which translocation?
A patient with a pleural-based mass encasing the lungs: malignant cells derived from which cell type?
Refeeding syndrome raises concern for which electrolyte disturbance?
Which description is characteristic of CMV ulcers in the colon?
Which medications commonly used in cardiovascular disease can cause hyperkalemia?
In euthyroid sick syndrome, which laboratory pattern is typical?
For PCOS patients who wish to conceive, which medication is commonly used to induce ovulation?
In rhabdomyolysis, what is the mechanism of renal injury most commonly?
In a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who develops bilateral arm paresthesias, which cervical complication must be considered?
A patient develops tachycardia, diaphoresis, diarrhea, and has a right‑sided heart valve lesion. This constellation most likely represents which syndrome?
Which antibodies are associated with Goodpasture syndrome?
Which disease is associated with antibodies to type IV collagen?
Parkinsonism in a young patient due to copper accumulation suggests which disease?
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis can follow which infection?
What best describes the primary mechanism of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)?
Which finding is most specific to meningitis as opposed to encephalitis?
Injury to the medial epicondyle region most commonly damages which nerve?
In evaluating a child with short stature, if parental heights are average, what is the most appropriate next step to evaluate growth potential?
What is the main function of von Willebrand factor?
A patient with immune thrombocytopenia had splenectomy; six months later platelets drop again. What is the most likely cause?
Holysystolic murmur at the left sternal border with a parasternal heave or palpable thrill most strongly indicates which defect?
Which cardiac abnormality is classically associated with congenital rubella syndrome?
In an 80-year-old patient with a catheter, what measure best decreases infection risk?
After a motor vehicle accident, a patient with rib fractures and underlying lung infiltrates presents with low oxygen saturation. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Initial treatment for Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) typically begins with which therapy?
Which pattern is most consistent with thalassemia?
Which age group is most commonly associated with inhalant abuse such as 'dusters'?
In Fournier gangrene, which management description best captures the standard approach?
A 27-year-old man with fever and hemolytic anemia; splenectomy; from Pennsylvania; peripheral smear shows intraerythrocytic ring forms and Maltese crosses; diagnosis?
Heart defect is characteristic of Williams syndrome?
Which therapy is commonly used in Guillain-Barré syndrome?
Acute myeloid leukemia is most directly associated with the presence of which cellular inclusion?
Which condition causes steatorrhea due to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and is treated with pancrelipase?
Amiodarone is an example of which category of drug used to treat tachyarrhythmias?
Pruritus after a warm shower is a feature most associated with which hematologic finding?
In an elderly patient with colonic diverticula, which part of the colon is most commonly involved?
Which finding best describes the clinical presentation of acute mesenteric ischemia?
In secondary polycythemia due to chronic lung disease, erythropoietin levels are typically:
Beta-lactam antibiotics given with rash and renal issues point to which condition?
Which of the following is a risk factor for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma besides sun exposure?
Which statement about the MMR vaccination schedule is correct?
Which demographic is most commonly affected by SLE?
A 57-year-old woman with suspected TCA overdose and a prolonged QRS. What is the most appropriate initial treatment?
A man with painful hands and DIP involvement on X-ray has which diagnosis?
Urge incontinence is most commonly observed in which population group?
A sharply demarcated fiery red lesion extending from knee to ankle with fever is most consistent with infection of which layer?
Nursemaid's elbow typically presents with which of the following findings?
Which hormonal therapy combination is used for prostate cancer, typically given together?
Which drug is both an anti-platelet agent and a vasodilator?
Which test is most definitive for diagnosing thalassemia by identifying globin chain abnormalities?
Tx for pulmonary hypertension: most patients respond to which therapy?
Which biologic is an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody used for severe asthma?
Before starting an exercise regimen for the treatment of arterial insufficiency, which test should be performed to assess the patient's exercise tolerance?
A single cystic lesion on brain CT in a patient who recently traveled to Mexico most likely represents infection with which parasite?
Pink line tracking up the arm from the hand after a burn suggests which diagnosis?
A microcytic anemia in a pregnant patient that does not correct with iron therapy on exam raises suspicion for which diagnosis confirmed by electrophoresis?
Which statement best describes the hemostasis test findings in von Willebrand disease?
Elevated HbA2 level is most consistent with which condition?
Hypertension in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is most commonly due to which mechanism?
Which therapy has no role in the acute management of asthma?
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is best described as which mechanism?
In sarcoidosis, which electrolyte disturbance is typical?
Sporotrichosis is classically acquired after handling which plant material?
In the management of Wilson disease, which agent is listed as the treatment?
Which antifungal is preferred for CNS fungal infection or fungemia presenting with rigors?
Reperfusion injury can increase the risk of rhabdomyolysis in which patient population?
Which two conditions are the most acceleratory risk factors for arterial insufficiency?
A 44-year-old man with hematuria, hemoptysis, and head-itis is most likely to have which disease?
Ethyl alcohol provides how many calories per gram?
Which nonalcohol substance is commonly associated with cerebellar ataxia and cognitive decline in adolescents?
Taenia solium class?
During an acute asthma attack, which acid-base disturbance is most typical due to hyperventilation?
Which disease process most commonly causes arterial insufficiency?
Which lab changes accompany an acute SLE flare?
In Henoch-Schönlein purpura, which symptom is part of the classic tetrad along with IgA nephropathy?
Temporary external compression of the carotid sinuses for 10 seconds is most likely to cause which combination of autonomic changes?
What is the first-line drug to start in type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Which type of urinary incontinence is most commonly seen in multiple sclerosis?
In salicylate poisoning, what is the earliest acid-base disturbance?
What is the recommended regimen for Entamoeba histolytica?
For Crohn disease with perianal involvement, which local therapy can be used?
Which ulcerative skin lesion is classically associated with ulcerative colitis?
Translocation t(15;17) is characteristic of which leukemia subtype?
Which immunosuppressive agent is commonly used to treat lupus nephritis?
Which organism causes psittacosis, a pneumonia linked to birds?
A 40-year-old man develops linear vesicular rash after hiking. What is the most likely immunologic mechanism?
What is a common initial treatment for pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid?
Chronic scar or burn with a new ulcerated lesion is best described as which condition?
Which drug is used to eradicate hepatic hypnozoites to prevent relapse in P. vivax/ovale infections?
Which chromosomal translocation is NOT associated with Burkitt lymphoma?
X-linked SCID is due to a mutation in which receptor subunit?
Corticosteroids modulate NF-κB signaling by which mechanism?
What is the mechanism most commonly responsible for low blood cell counts in SLE?
A child presents with recurrent knee redness, warmth, and pain plus fever. The most likely diagnosis is:
Which sequence describes diagnosing polymyositis after antibody testing?
Which macronutrient provides the most calories per gram?
Which diagnostic test is used to support the diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome?
In Williams syndrome, which aortic pathology is typical?
Which scenario is most consistent with normal aging rather than Alzheimer disease?
In sickle cell disease, nephrotic syndrome is most strongly associated with which histologic lesion?
Which vasculitis is defined by asthma and eosinophilia?
What is one empiric regimen for endocarditis described in the material?
What is the initial management for carpal tunnel syndrome in a patient who cannot avoid aggravating activities?
c-ANCA positivity is most associated with which disease?
Paresthesias + pain following burn or casting suggests which condition?
Ganciclovir inhibits which viral enzyme?
Back pain in a patient with a history of cancer at a different site is most likely due to which finding?
In a severely cold-exposed alcoholic patient, rewarming raises concern for which electrolyte abnormality?
Treatment for nail bed fungus is which of the following?
IBD that includes psoriasis and joint symptoms is most consistent with which arthropathy?
Heliotrope rash is best described as a violaceous eruption around which area?
In a patient with SLE and red urine, which form of lupus nephritis is most likely?
Which drug is not included in the HIPP mnemonic for drugs that cause drug-induced lupus?
Parkinsonism occurring in an older patient is most likely which disease?
PTU and methimazole are used for the treatment of which thyroid condition?
Why does amoxicillin or penicillin fail to cover common community Staphylococcus aureus infections?
What is the normal post-void residual volume?
Which disease is classically associated with a bamboo spine on X-ray?
Congenital methemoglobinemia is caused by deficiency of which enzyme?
First-line therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia is:
A patient develops fever, chills, flank pain, and hypotension shortly after a transfusion. This presentation is most consistent with which reaction?
Which disorder presents with bacterial, fungal, protozoal, and viral infections since birth?
Desmopressin challenge in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: how does urine osmolality respond?
A 25-year-old woman has arthritis, mouth ulcers, and circular skin lesions. Which diagnosis is most likely?
Why is penicillin alone suboptimal for treating erysipelas or cellulitis?
Which hematologic pattern is most consistent with thalassemia?
Which agent is an NMDA receptor antagonist?
Danazol increases production of C1 esterase inhibitor by stimulating which organ?
Wide-complex tachycardia is most consistent with which rhythm?
When should furosemide be started in heart failure management?
Which hemostasis test pattern is typical of hemophilia?
In a random ventilator question, which adjustment is almost always correct?
What is the first-line treatment for Giardia lamblia infection?
In NSAID-induced interstitial nephropathy, the BUN/Cr ratio is typically greater than what?
Urge incontinence is characterized by which mechanism and treatment?
Fixed splitting of S2 corresponds to which congenital defect?
Which organism causes tinea versicolor?
Which toxicity is associated with ganciclovir?
Which statement about metformin is true?
Erysipelas is best described as an infection of which layer?
Which statement about virginal breast hypertrophy during puberty is true?
Which statement correctly describes respiratory alkalosis?
NOT a classic risk factor for cholelithiasis?
Pan-systolic-pan-diastolic murmur indicates which defect?
In a diabetic patient with new-onset GERD, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Vitamin K deficiency results in deficiency of which coagulation factor set?
Dermatomyositis carries an increased risk of which malignancy?
The anemia associated with chronic alcohol use is best described as:
What is the recommended initial management for Entamoeba histolytica liver abscess?
Gallstones in pregnancy are promoted by which hormonal changes?
In individuals with asplenia or sickle cell disease, which vaccines are recommended to prevent infection with encapsulated organisms?
Administration of bortezomib has which effect on immune activity related to tumor antigen presentation?
Waiter’s tip position in a child results from injury to which nerve roots?
Which organism is typically transmitted via water or fecal-oral routes and causes malabsorption and steatorrhea?
Severe renal disease in Wegener, Goodpasture, or microscopic polyangiitis is most consistent with which condition?
Which statement about third-trimester physiologic changes is correct?
What is the most common cause of otitis externa?
The organism most commonly responsible for cellulitis is:
NSAIDs cause fluid retention by which mechanism?
Which vasculitis is classically associated with asthma and eosinophilia?
Which laboratory finding is characteristic of vitamin K deficiency?
The enzyme deficiency in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is?
If pericardiocentesis is not immediately available, what surgical option can relieve tamponade?
If the mother is known to be Hepatitis B positive, what prophylaxis is given to the newborn?
In a premenopausal patient with heavy menstrual bleeding, which type of anemia is most likely?
Fournier gangrene in a diabetic patient requires which urgent intervention?
What is the induction therapy for cryptococcal meningitis?
To view the bile ducts, which imaging modality is used, and which is preferred when both are listed?
What acid-base disturbance is seen in aspirin toxicity after 20 minutes?
A child develops delirium after ingestion of an over-the-counter cold medicine given by a parent. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is the next best step in diagnosing suspected viral-induced aplastic anemia?
Transfusional siderosis is treated with which therapy?
Which imaging modality provides diagnostic and potential therapeutic access to the biliary tree?
If pelvic floor exercises fail to control stress incontinence, the next step is:
Von Willebrand disease is defined by a deficiency of which factor?
Beck triad, consisting of hypotension, muffled heart sounds, and jugular venous distension, is associated with which condition?
What is an appropriate regimen for osteomyelitis?
In an adult with recurrent sinopulmonary infections and atopy, which immunodeficiency is most likely?
Increasing the number of participants in a study primarily increases which statistical property?
The infertility with exogenous testosterone implies suppression of which axis?
Elevated ALP + direct bilirubin + amylase/lipase with remote cholecystectomy suggests which diagnosis?
Treatment of carcinoid syndrome primarily targets which of the following?
Which symptom triad is associated with acute intermittent porphyria?
In asthma management, inhaled corticosteroids are primarily used for which purpose?
Which mechanism describes the action of probenecid?
In a patient with varicose veins and a painful palpable cord by the ankle, the appropriate treatment is which of the following?
p-ANCA (anti-MPO) targets which enzyme?
Community-acquired pneumonia with right lower lobe consolidation and dullness to percussion is most likely caused by which organism?
First-line treatment for impetigo?
In pemphigus vulgaris, autoantibodies against desmoglein disrupt adhesion between which cells?
Which test is used to diagnose carcinoid syndrome by detecting serotonin metabolite?
Following resolution of ARDS in a patient with pancreatitis, which inflammatory marker is most likely increased in the lungs as a sign of prior injury?
What is the most specific eye finding in multiple sclerosis?
Biopsy of small bowel in lactose intolerance typically shows what?
Visceral larva migrans is caused by which parasite?
Which combination of screenings is recommended for average-risk individuals starting at age 50?
If ultrasound is negative but cholecystitis is suspected, which imaging test is recommended next?
Bullous pemphigoid is associated with autoantibodies against which structure?
Tx of second-degree Mobitz II or third-degree heart block is a
G-CSF therapy commonly causes which adverse effect?
Which chromosome carries the gene for autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease?
Which serum marker is typically elevated in medullary thyroid carcinoma?
Memantine is an antagonist of which receptor?
What is the mechanism of action of leflunomide?
A patient presents with fatigue and labs showing normal sodium, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis. The most likely diagnosis is Addison disease.
A history of hypertension with dementia and sensory or motor disturbances is most suggestive of which dementia?
If spinal metastases are suspected, which imaging modality provides the most comprehensive assessment?
Suspected skin cancer on the face is best treated with which procedure?
Which tumor constellation is characteristic of MEN 2A?
Which statement about erysipelas and cellulitis is true?
Smudge cells on a smear together with autoimmune hemolytic anemia are most indicative of:
Which option represents first-line oral antibiotics for erysipelas or cellulitis?
Metoprolol is classically first-line for rate control in which arrhythmia?
Biochemical disturbances in Addison's disease include which of the following patterns?
Fracture at the surgical neck of the humerus most often injures which nerve?
For a 32-year-old undergoing breast screening, which imaging combination is appropriate?
Can a girl become pregnant without ever having a menstrual period?
Mucosal neuromas and Marfanoid habitus are characteristic of which MEN syndrome?
What is the correct order of initiating therapies in heart failure according to the material?
A young African American woman presents with a dry cough and a normal chest X-ray. What is the most likely diagnosis?
In a patient with rheumatoid arthritis on infliximab therapy, which immune mediator is most likely contributing to ongoing inflammation?
Which laboratory finding most supports anemia of chronic disease?
A pregnant woman contracts toxoplasmosis. If cats are not listed as a source, which dietary source is responsible?
Which drug class should be avoided in hereditary angioedema due to risk of angioedema?
In young adults with pneumonia and bilateral interstitial infiltrates, which organism is most likely?
Which antibiotic is listed as a treatment for prostatitis?
What acid-base disturbance is typically seen in acute pulmonary embolism?
Sertoli cells in the testes have multiple roles. Which product is produced by these cells?
If fluid overload persists after starting furosemide, which diuretic is commonly added to balance potassium loss?
In osteoarthritis, what is the best initial analgesic approach when BMI is normal?
Which condition presents with a globular uterus and per vaginum bleeding?
Guyon canal syndrome is commonly associated with which activity or injury?
If an abdominal ultrasound is negative but cholecystitis is still suspected, which test is most helpful?
A patient with stab wound to chest who develops hypotension and JVD. Which description most accurately fits cardiac tamponade?
Radiographs of which region are used to support the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis?
In a CF patient older than 10 with pneumonia, which organism predominates?
Guyon canal syndrome is entrapment of which nerve at the wrist, commonly due to hook of hamate fracture or chronic handlebar impaction in cyclists?
In anorexia, hypokalemia increases the risk of which complication?
Neonate presents with a spongy, 1-cm red lesion on the chest. Dx?
The infection Sporothrix schenckii is commonly treated with which antifungal?
Why is diabetic ketoacidosis less common in type II diabetes compared to type I?
The figure-of-8 strap is classically used for which fracture?
Which patients should be cautious with naproxen due to potential renal effects?
What is the initial management step in a bleeding episode for Hemophilia A?
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is best described as a large vascular lesion with concomitant thrombocytopenia caused by what mechanism?
Which of the following is a classic drug with the potential to cause drug-induced lupus?
Which hormone accounts for greater insulin secretion when glucose is given orally rather than by IV?
Staphylococcus aureus preformed enterotoxin typically causes vomiting within what time frame after ingestion?
Copper is normally excreted by the body through which organ/system?
Which antibody is associated with granulomatosis with polyangiitis?
What is the treatment for aspirin toxicity?
Trichotillomania (hair pulling) with GI symptoms is most likely to cause which condition?
During resuscitation after an MVA, a patient has pulmonary infiltrates and low oxygen saturation; administration of a bolus of normal saline leads to worsening of oxygen saturation. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Which antifungal is first-line for invasive aspergillosis?
Which drug is a serotonin receptor antagonist used in the treatment of serotonin syndrome?
In an upright person, which region of the lung has the highest ventilation and perfusion?
Which statement best reflects the most common site of clavicle fracture?
Suspected skin cancer on the neck is evaluated with which diagnostic procedure?
Which histologic feature is classically associated with DPGN?
Which statement best differentiates scombroid poisoning from shellfish allergy?
In thyroid physiology, what happens to reverse T3 when T4 levels rise?
Which drug is used to treat CML by inhibiting BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase?
Gynecomastia is a side effect of which medication commonly used in heart failure?
Ring sideroblasts in sideroblastic anemia show iron accumulation localized around which cellular structure?
Fracture at the surgical neck of the humerus injures which nerve?
Following a Group A Streptococcus infection, acute rheumatic fever most commonly causes which valvular lesion?
An adult male presents with abdominal pain, a history of alcohol use, diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, and low O2 saturations after trauma. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Which bisphosphonate is given as an example for hypercalcemia?
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 is best explained by which mechanism?
During refeeding after prolonged starvation, which electrolyte is most at risk for severe deficiency?
Which serious complication is associated with untreated celiac disease?
A circular lesion seen on imaging in pancreatitis that is described as a pseudoabscess is best managed with which intervention?
In suspected cardiac ischemia, what is the first-line test for a patient who can exercise?
High-anion gap metabolic acidosis is classically caused by which mnemonic?
Mid-systolic click is most characteristic of which condition?
Odynophagia in an immunocompromised patient should raise suspicion for which diagnosis until proven otherwise?
Which combination is used as induction therapy for cryptococcal meningitis?
In immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), what is the initial treatment?
A pregnant woman with low serum iron that does not improve with iron therapy should be evaluated for which condition?
A 74-year-old man with a pigmented lesion on the cheek; diagnosis?
Carcinoid tumors originate from neural crest cells and typically express which histologic marker?
Which cestode is transmitted via pork and can cause cysticercosis?
Holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border plus either a parasternal heave or palpable thrill indicates which defect?
Which histologic finding is more typical of Crohn disease than ulcerative colitis?
On biopsy, which immunofluorescence pattern is characteristic of pemphigus vulgaris?
What type of organism are nematodes?
A patient on a tricyclic antidepressant presents with coma, seizures, and ECG abnormalities. Which ECG change is most characteristic?
Which risk factor is most commonly associated with arterial insufficiency?
What histologic pattern is characteristic of diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis?
Which laboratory test is variably prolonged in von Willebrand disease due to factor VIII stabilization?
A vaginal episiotomy is performed posteriorly; if the incision extends too far, which structure is at risk?
A man in his 40s presents with hematuria and hemoptysis; what is the most likely diagnosis?
Pulsus paradoxus is most characteristic of which condition?
In Hyper IgM syndrome, which immunoglobulin pattern is typical?
Clindamycin is effective for aspiration pneumonia above the diaphragm because it covers which type of organisms?
Diabetic patient on HCTZ for hypertension; the preferred replacement is?
In pregnancy, which imaging modality is preferred to evaluate suspected pulmonary embolism?
Which trio is associated with MEN2A?
In aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, which statement is true?
When evaluating pediatric knee swelling, which test is essential to exclude infection in the differential diagnosis?
Which antifungal is used for simple fungal pneumonia?
What is the mechanism of action of nedocromil in allergy management?
Which of the following is an anti-TNF-alpha agent used in RA?
What is the biggest risk factor for osteoarthritis?
Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assess what aspect of hemostasis?
Discoid lupus erythematosus is typically treated with which medication?
A patient with a flank mass and hypercalcemia has elevated hematocrit. Which paraneoplastic mechanism best explains these findings?
In aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, which analgesic should be avoided?
Delayed transfusion reaction occurs how long after transfusion and is due to what?
The sensory phenomenon 'hot feels cold' is associated with ciguatera poisoning caused by a toxin that blocks sodium channels. It is most commonly acquired from which fish category?
What is the most diagnostic test for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia?
GIP secretion is stimulated by ingestion of which substances?
Which glycoprotein is the major target of autoantibodies in ITP?
Fracture at the midshaft of the humerus commonly injures which nerve?
A patient given an alpha-1 antagonist demonstrates which intracellular change due to blockade of alpha-1 signaling?
Diffuse cortical necrosis is most strongly associated with which clinical scenario?
If renal failure is not the cause of anemia of chronic disease (as in IBD, RA, SLE), what is the recommended approach?
Which medication is commonly used for essential tremor?
Which brain imaging finding is described as the Swiss cheese appearance?
A patient presents with polyuria, dilute urine, and hypercalcemia. Which diagnosis best explains renal insensitivity to antidiuretic hormone?
What is the recommended sequence of management for overflow incontinence due to BPH?
Which of the following is a classic example of a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
The etiologic agent of cysticercosis is which parasite?
First-degree heart block is defined by PR interval longer than 200 milliseconds.
High hemoglobin with low erythropoietin levels is most characteristic of which condition?
A 30-year-old woman with a last menstrual period 8 weeks ago shows no fetus on ultrasound, trophoblastic proliferation on curettage, and chromosomal analysis 46XX. What is the diagnosis?
Dry cough in winter is most consistent with which entity, which can present with cough as the only symptom in a subset of patients?
In a patient with insulinoma, which pattern of laboratory values would you expect?
Abciximab acts by which mechanism?
A 44-year-old man with alcohol withdrawal presents with agitation and tachycardia. Which medication is commonly used as first-line therapy for delirium tremens?
Mechanism of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
Which criterion indicates tympanostomy tube placement for recurrent otitis media?
Otitis externa with mastoid involvement is most accurately described as malignant otitis externa. Which option best describes this condition?
Diffuse cortical necrosis is most strongly associated with which clinical scenario?
Blurred vision after exposure to paint thinner most likely indicates poisoning with which substance?
Fibromuscular dysplasia involves proliferation of which arterial wall layer?
Hyperactive detrusor or detrusor instability is most closely associated with which type of urinary incontinence?
As heart rate returns to baseline after exercise, which statement best describes changes in diastole and systole?
Incontinence in diabetes is most commonly due to which mechanism?
A 13-year-old girl presents with irregular periods in the first year after menarche. The next best step is to?
In Guillain-Barré syndrome, CSF typically shows which finding?
Which statement about lumbosacral strain management is true?
Cardiac disturbance (arrhythmia) due to an electrolyte problem is most compatible with abnormalities of which electrolytes?
A child with red urine, abdominal pain, arthralgia, and violaceous lesions on the buttocks and thighs most likely has which diagnosis?
Lymph node biopsy in Hodgkin lymphoma typically reveals which malignant cell?
Which pharmacologic agent is commonly added after an initial exercise program for arterial insufficiency?
What mechanism explains low blood cell lines in SLE?
Baclofen’s mechanism of action is best described as activation of which receptor?
A patient with MVA shows bruising or pain over the sternum with or without rib fractures. What is the diagnosis?
For nursemaid's elbow, which reduction technique is commonly used to regain radial head stability?
Which test pattern is typical of hemophilia?
Rhabdomyolysis risk in alcoholics—which condition is most likely to be elevated?
Rasburicase and pegloticase are examples of what type of agent that acts on uric acid?
For hypercalcemia with a calcium of 12-14 mg/dL, what is recommended if asymptomatic vs symptomatic?
Which procedure is designed to maximize tumor clearance while preserving surrounding tissue in skin cancer?
A patient with cirrhosis or recent peritoneal dialysis or nephrotic syndrome presents with fever and abdominal pain. The most likely diagnosis is?
Worldwide, the most common cause of bronchiectasis is which condition?
Which statement best describes ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in cholelithiasis?
In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), there is an increased risk of which type of cancer due to unopposed estrogen?
Hypercalcemia in sarcoidosis is due to activation of vitamin D by which cells?
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis can occur after which type of infection?
Which staining test highlights the Cryptococcus capsule producing a red color?
In a preterm infant born at 28 weeks with respiratory distress syndrome due to surfactant deficiency, which organelle is deficient in type II pneumocytes?
Stepwise progression of dementia with a history of vascular risk factors is most consistent with which type of dementia?
Which physical examination finding is most typical of uremic pericarditis?
Weakened elbow flexion with sensory loss over the lateral forearm indicates injury to which nerve?
Which lab pattern is consistent with iron deficiency anemia presenting with high transferrin and high TIBC and transferrin saturation very low?
Which test best confirms lactose intolerance after a positive hydrogen breath test, if needed?
A chronically alcoholic patient has potassium 3.2 mEq/L; after potassium supplementation, the potassium remains low. What is the most likely accompanying electrolyte abnormality?
What is a standard treatment for sarcoidosis?
Which option represents the Swiss cheese appearance as a brain imaging finding?
Which statement best describes ARDS ventilation strategy?
In the acute management of asthma, which therapy should be started first?
Which finding is characteristic of familial medullary thyroid carcinoma?
In Hodgkin lymphoma, which statement about mediastinal involvement is true?
Which of the following is NOT part of the SAD triad?
Which drug is used to treat spasticity in multiple sclerosis?
Auer rods are composed of which enzyme?
Which imaging modality is used to diagnose atlantoaxial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis?
Which group is most at risk for magnesium deficiency?
Which medication treats overflow incontinence due to neurogenic bladder in diabetes?
Which option is an appropriate inpatient treatment option for MSSA infections?
A patient has a family history of a hereditary hemolytic condition treated with splenectomy. Which condition is most likely?
Which joint group is more characteristic of osteoarthritis rather than rheumatoid arthritis?
Hematuria in isolation with p-ANCA positivity indicates which vasculitis?
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency may present with delayed separation of the umbilical cord. Which statement best describes this condition?
Diffuse ST-segment elevations on ECG are most consistent with which diagnosis?
Which property of spironolactone makes it useful after furosemide therapy to balance potassium levels?
Pneumonia with birds which organism is most likely?
Medullary thyroid carcinoma shows amyloid deposition with apple-green birefringence under polarized light when stained with which dye?
Which statement best describes the typical management of adolescent gynecomastia presenting as a breast mass?
Which renal mechanism explains edema during NSAID therapy?
Which toxicity is associated with acyclovir?
If a patient experiences stable angina after walking only a short distance (e.g., up a flight of stairs), what is the recommended next step?
Killed IM Influenza vaccine safe in pregnancy?
A patient with no prior atopy eats meaty fish in a sketch location (e.g., Bali) and develops dyspnea and an allergic-like reaction. The most likely diagnosis is?
MEN1 gene mutation is associated with tumors in which glands?
A 42-year-old man develops restlessness, tremulousness, tachycardia, and diaphoresis two days after surgery. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Which hereditary condition is a known risk factor for aortic dissection?
Which test is most likely to establish a pheochromocytoma in a patient with hypertension and compatible history?
Prior to surgery in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, which imaging study is recommended to assess for atlantoaxial subluxation?
Parkinsonism with axial dystonia is most characteristic of which disorder?
What is the mechanism of action of methotrexate used in RA?
What is the secondary function of von Willebrand factor?
In Tanner staging, which stage is associated with imminent menarche?
Which finding is most suggestive of tubulointerstitial nephritis due to a beta-lactam antibiotic?
Which class of antibiotics is commonly used as initial empiric therapy for community-acquired pneumonia with suspected atypical pathogens?
Tx for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?
Diagnosis of alpha or beta thalassemia is most accurately made with which test?
Which drug is commonly used to treat urge incontinence?
Which therapy is commonly used to treat lupus nephritis?
After a motorcycle accident, a patient cannot dorsiflex the foot but eversion is preserved. Which nerve is injured?
Pneumonia after influenza infection which organism is USMLE wants?
Which agent inhibits leukotriene synthesis to reduce disease activity in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease?
A patient presents with high hemoglobin, pruritus after a shower, plethora, and splenomegaly. Which diagnosis is most likely?
Which urine finding is characteristic of interstitial nephritis?
Which of the following would most likely disturb Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
Which translocation is associated with follicular lymphoma?
In polycythemia vera, which best describes the typical erythropoietin level?
What is the recommended age range for initiating HPV vaccination?
In bulimia nervosa or anorexia, which antidepressant is contraindicated due to seizure risk?
If vagal maneuvers fail to terminate SVT, the next commonly used medication is:
What best describes metformin's mechanism?
A 22-year-old man presents with nystagmus and aggressive behavior after drug use. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Which finding is not typically associated with PCOS?
Which statement best describes the role of the tRNA anticodon during translation?
How is venous insufficiency best diagnosed?
SLE with red urine most likely indicates which diagnosis?
Which medication is used to treat spasticity in multiple sclerosis?
Which chromosomal translocation is characteristic of CML?
A 2-year-old with cardiac myxoma, perioral melanosis, and endocrine hypersecretion suggests which syndrome?
Which of the following is a vector for Loa loa?
Which statement about tinea capitis management is accurate?
Which is the most common risk factor for mesothelioma?
Multiple pregnancies with downward movement of the vesicourethral junction leads to which type of urinary incontinence?
Amenorrhea in anorexia is best explained by which hormonal pattern?
What histologic finding is classically seen in the small intestine of patients with celiac disease?
Mucicarmine staining in cryptococcal organisms highlights which structure?
Erysipelas is more likely to have which border characteristic compared with cellulitis?
Dermatitis herpetiformis shows which characteristic finding on biopsy or immunofluorescence?
In a patient with marked leukocytosis due to infection, which mechanism explains a leukemoid reaction?
A 25-year-old woman with BMI 32 presents with irregular menses and hirsutism. Which syndrome best explains this combination?
A 28-year-old non-smoker with a loud P2 and right ventricular hypertrophy is most likely to have which diagnosis?
Which skin condition is characterized by vesicular eruptions and is strongly associated with celiac disease?
Which adverse effect is most commonly associated with spironolactone use?
A 16-year-old girl presents with short stature, Tanner stage II, and a wide neck. Her bone age is equal to her chronological age. What diagnosis is most likely?
Bruton agammaglobulinemia is associated with a mutation in which molecule?
To confirm suspected hemochromatosis, which tests are most informative?
Which antibody is most specific for systemic lupus erythematosus?
In a young woman with unilateral resting tremor and hemolytic anemia, which test is next best to evaluate Wilson disease?
If a patient with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis develops a red, warm knee, what action should be taken to evaluate for septic arthritis?
12-month-old with red urine 1-3 days after a URI most likely has which condition?
Production of foul-smelling sputum is most characteristic of bronchiectasis in patients with COPD, TB, or CF. Which option lists the correct diagnosis?
The term 'Still disease' refers to which form of juvenile arthritis?
Narrow-complex tachycardia most likely represents:
Which statement best distinguishes von Willebrand disease from hemophilia regarding joint bleeding?
Which cardiac abnormality, besides PDA, can be seen with congenital rubella syndrome?
Which translocation is associated with APL?
Which statement best describes follicular thyroid carcinoma?
Which feature best characterizes papillary thyroid carcinoma?
Spironolactone is best described as which type of drug?
In a patient with cellulitis admitted for IV antibiotics, which regimen is appropriate?
Treatment for tinea corporis is which?
A patient with polycythemia, hypercalcemia, smoking history, and red urine most likely has tumors producing which substances?
Mobitz I is also known as Wenckebach.
In an alcoholic patient, the anemia described is best characterized as:
Dyspnea in the second trimester of pregnancy indicates which valvular disease?
In rhabdomyolysis, which electrolyte abnormality is most likely?
In aspirin overdose during the first 20 minutes, which acid-base disturbance is typically seen?
Which of the following is a trematode (fluke)?
First-line management for PCOS patient with high BMI?
Tx of first-degree heart block or second-degree Mobitz I (Wenckebach) is to
A 42-year-old man presents with a painless lateral neck mass and hepatomegaly. The most likely diagnosis is:
Dipyridamole, used in pharmacologic stress testing, exerts its effect primarily by which mechanism?
What is the mechanism of action of desmopressin in treating von Willebrand disease?
Initial screening test for suspected multiple myeloma is which?
Which dementia is characterized by visual hallucinations, Parkinsonism, and cognitive decline?
Erysipelas is typically distinguished by which border feature?
What is the first-line treatment for a flare of polymyositis or dermatomyositis?
What is the first-line treatment for acute otitis media?
Which prophylactic treatment is recommended for otitis externa in patients with repeated water exposure?
What is an important point in the management of myocardial contusion?
A 50-year-old man presents with severe upper back pain described as tearing, and a loud holo-diastolic murmur best heard after S2. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Which statement best characterizes primary dysmenorrhea in the adolescent?
Which is the initial imaging test for suspected achalasia?
Which gene is associated with follicular lymphoma as an anti-apoptotic molecule?
Which antiviral is used to treat herpes simplex virus infections?
An adult male is 4 feet tall with a large head and trunk relative to limbs. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Which medication is a nonselective beta-blocker commonly used for migraine prophylaxis, tachycardia in hyperthyroidism, and essential tremor?
In outpatient asthma management, what is the next step after using a short-acting beta-agonist if control is not adequate?
In X-linked sideroblastic anemia with decreased delta-ALA synthase, administration of which vitamin might improve the condition?
Which combination of findings is most consistent with juvenile arthritis in a child?
Pemphigus vulgaris is characterized by autoantibodies against which protein?
What is the mechanism of action of buspirone?
Which imaging modality is referred to as the myocardial scintigraphic assay in noninvasive ischemia testing?
Which imaging modality is used to diagnose pancreatic cancer?
Bleeding time is primarily a reflection of what part of hemostasis?
Fixed splitting of S2 is most associated with which defect?
Bounding pulses + massively wide pulse pressure indicate which condition?
Which comorbidity is a known risk with thiazide use due to hyperuricemia?
Which organism is most commonly associated with lobar pneumonia in adults?
In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, which screening strategy is routinely used for monitoring hypertension?
Breast imaging (if performed) is recommended as follows by age: under 30 and over 30?
In community-acquired pneumonia with bilateral chest X-ray infiltrates, which organism is most likely?
Which regimen is considered first-line therapy for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Which glomerular lesion is most likely in a patient with sickle cell disease and nephrotic-range proteinuria?
In an intravenous drug user with focal vertebral tenderness, which diagnosis should be urgently considered?
In obstructive lung disease, the FEV1/FVC ratio is typically:
In osteoarthritis management, which analgesic is typically used before NSAIDs due to renal safety concerns?
Renal papillary necrosis is classically associated with which disease?
Which type of urinary incontinence is characterized by sudden urgency and inability to defer voiding?
In a vignette with suspected incarcerated groin hernia, what is the recommended initial management?
Which antibiotic is appropriate for erysipelas or cellulitis to cover both Staphylococcus and Streptococcus?
Atenolol is commonly used for which condition?
What is the first-line treatment for venous insufficiency?
Neonate with persistent cyanosis and normal red cell indices, with a specific enzymatic deficiency, most likely has which diagnosis?
First-line management for stable SVT is:
What is the treatment for hemophilia B?
Cerumen buildup is best treated with which of the following?
Hot tub lung is caused by inhalation of fumes from hot tubs and results in which condition?
A bicuspid aortic valve is most commonly associated with which condition?
Which treatment is typically used to remove iron stores in hereditary hemochromatosis?
In a biostatistics question, increasing the number of participants affects what?
Which drug is generally the first-line DMARD in early rheumatoid arthritis?
Heparin anticoagulation works primarily by which mechanism?
Which option best describes actinic keratosis?
What is an appropriate inpatient treatment for MSSA infections?
What is the recommended induction therapy for cryptococcal meningitis?
In polycystic kidney disease, what is the most common extrarenal location for cysts?
A patient with trauma presents with signs suggesting tension pneumothorax, including decreased breath sounds on one side and hypotension. What is the initial management?
Mirtazapine used in anorexia with depression acts as what pharmacologic agent?
Hirsutism in PCOS due to hormonal imbalance?
A patient with diabetic gastroparesis is started on metoclopramide. What is its primary pharmacologic mechanism of action?
Which chromosomal translocation is classically associated with Burkitt lymphoma?
A young man on a tricyclic antidepressant develops hot, red skin and urinary retention. This is best explained by which pharmacologic effect of TCAs?
A 14-year-old boy is at the 3rd percentile for height, and his bone age is delayed relative to his chronological age. What is the most likely diagnosis?
In a patient with renal artery stenosis, which drug class is associated with a rise in creatinine?
Which statement describes the tympanostomy tube criterion?
Which statement best differentiates Type III and Type IV hypersensitivity?
A teenage patient is found unconscious after suspected inhalant use with normal vital signs and no specific ocular findings. This presentation is most consistent with exposure to which agent?
One month after treatment with atovaquone and proguanil, relapse occurs due to hepatic hypnozoites. Which species is most likely responsible?
Which saline concentration is used for initial management of hypercalcemia?
Which imaging modality confirmed fibromuscular dysplasia in a patient with hypertension?
Third-degree AV block typically presents with a ventricular rate of
The diagnostic workup for suspected SBP includes which of the following?
What is the strongest indication for long-term anticoagulation?
Why is primaquine prescribed in malaria treatment?
What is the cause of hemophilia with respect to inheritance and deficient factors?
Which statement best describes the two-armed approach to treating rheumatoid arthritis?
Which statement best describes fibromuscular dysplasia in terms of curability?
A patient has lateral chest pain after a viral infection and elevated CK. Which diagnosis is most consistent?
Alcoholic with low calcium or potassium despite supplementation should prompt evaluation for which deficiency?
A 65-year-old man with long-standing diabetes, prior CABG, and intermittent claudication presents with abdominal pain 1–2 hours after meals. The most likely diagnosis is:
Which finding would favor a T-cell lymphoma over Hodgkin lymphoma?
Pleurodynia is characterized by which of the following?
A neonate with a condition described as homozygous gene deletion most likely shows which inheritance pattern?
A young African American woman with a dry cough has nodularity on chest X-ray. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is the first-line treatment for impetigo?
If a pneumonia presents with a lobar pattern but is described as interstitial in the vignette, which organism is most likely?
Viral infection with low platelets suggests which diagnosis?
Which immunodeficiency is the most common in humans?
Which vaccine is routinely given at birth?
What is a standard treatment for ARDS to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury?
Positive Coombs test helps distinguish autoimmune hemolytic anemia from hereditary spherocytosis; which statement is true?
Stewart-Treves syndrome is most closely associated with which condition?
Which skin manifestation is commonly associated with SLE?
Which cutaneous manifestation is commonly associated with Crohn disease?
Chelation therapy is used to treat which condition?
In suspected compartment syndrome, which finding confirms the diagnosis?
Which patient group is most at risk for septic arthritis?
Which statement about febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction is true?
Apathy, disinhibition, and personality changes with cognitive impairment are typical features of which dementia?
Pulsus paradoxus is most characteristic of which condition?
Renal artery angiogram in polyarteritis nodosa shows which appearance?
Which hematologic finding is characteristic of CML?
In von Willebrand disease, the clinical presentation is best described as which of the following?
Which condition typically occurs 1-2 weeks after a streptococcal infection?
Which condition is most likely in a young adult with emphysema who is a non-smoker and has a relative who died of hepatic cirrhosis?
What is the first-line therapy for a flare of SLE?
Which test confirms the diagnosis of achalasia after imaging suggests it?
Temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica share which relationship?
The hematologic abnormality in ITP is characterized by which primary lab finding?
What is a major side effect of naproxen?
What is the modern name for Churg-Strauss syndrome?
An 82-year-old woman found at home has 2+ blood in urine and 3-4 red blood cells per high-power field on microscopy after a fall. Which diagnosis is most likely?
In iron deficiency anemia with increased red cell distribution width, which of the following patterns applies?
In an older patient who is normotensive and has had a TIA or stroke or retinal artery occlusion, which condition is most likely?
Which nerve controls the external urethral sphincter?
When MRSA is suspected in osteomyelitis, which agent should be added?
Which of the following is a cestode parasite that can cause cysticercosis in humans?
Which presentation is most typical of pemphigus vulgaris?
A 42-year-old man develops restlessness and tactile/visual hallucinations two days after surgery. The most likely diagnosis is alcoholic hallucinosis, and the recommended treatment is a long-acting benzodiazepine. Which option best reflects this management?
Greasy, scaly scalp with itching and papules in an adult best describes which condition?
Steatorrhea after swimming or scuba diving is most suggestive of infection with which parasite?
Inflammatory bowel disease is commonly associated with back pain due to which axial condition?
Autosomal recessive SCID is due to deficiency of which enzyme?
For imaging to view the gallbladder, which modality is typically used?
Which statement about complement C3 levels is typical during a systemic lupus erythematosus flare?
The hormonal state that increases endometrial cancer risk in PCOS is due to what?
Which thyroid cancer type predominantly metastasizes via hematogenous spread?
Incontinence in men with BPH is usually due to which mechanism?
In patients with diabetes, thiazide diuretics may worsen glycemic control due to their effect on glucose levels. Which statement is true?
The levator ani muscle group comprises which of the following muscles?
Ulcerated lesion on the nose or ear with rolled or heaped-up edges is most characteristic of which skin cancer?
What is an appropriate initial management for hypercalcemia?
Which statement is true about PCOS?
Which neurotransmitter system is targeted by the first-line Alzheimer medication?
For stress incontinence due to pelvic floor weakness, the first-line management is which intervention?
Which biopsy method is used for neck lesions suspicious for skin cancer to ensure a full-thickness sample?
In acute wound infection, which cell type is most responsible for the initial defense in the wound area?
Biggest risk factor for osteoarthritis is?
Viral infection with vertigo but without hearing loss is most consistent with which condition?
After catheterization and medical therapy, what is the next step if overflow incontinence due to BPH persists?
If a patient has an abnormal baseline ECG (for example, a bundle branch block), which stress test is preferred?
What is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated acute otitis media?
Mobitz I (Wenckebach) is characterized by
What is the inheritance pattern of acute intermittent porphyria?
In heart failure management, when is spironolactone typically added?
A patient on tramadol who recently stopped an SSRI presents with tachycardia, diaphoresis, and diarrhea. This presentation is most consistent with which syndrome?
Which of the following lists contains only beta-blockers associated with mortality benefit in heart failure?
The histology of diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis typically shows what?
Following massive hepatocellular injury, liver regeneration occurs primarily by which cellular mechanism?
Which drug is used to eradicate intraluminal Giardia after metronidazole therapy?
Ciguatera poisoning is most commonly acquired from which category of fish?
Strawberry hemangiomas in newborns are best described as which type of lesion?
A patient who has been taking high-dose vitamins reports cracked lips, rough/dry skin, and hair loss. Excess of which vitamin is most likely responsible?
Which antiviral is the first-line therapy for CMV colitis?
A 55-year-old man with hyperthyroidism develops absent pulses in the left leg. Which is the most likely cause of his acute limb ischemia?
Which condition is classically associated with the triad gait disturbance, urinary incontinence, and cognitive impairment?
When is tympanostomy tube placement indicated for recurrent otitis media?
In a biostatistics scenario, p = 0.02 when comparing two groups and the study concludes no difference. What does this p-value primarily indicate?
AV nicking on fundoscopy indicates which condition?
Acute rheumatic heart disease after Group A Streptococcus infection typically presents with which valvular lesion?
What is the most common cause of postoperative fever?
Golden crusted lesions around the mouth in a school-age child are most consistent with which diagnosis?
In the management of otitis externa, which is appropriate?
What is the most common clinical finding in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome has characteristic involvement of which brain structure?
Which condition is most likely in a patient with hypercalcemia presenting with polyuria?
Saddle anesthesia + urinary retention indicates which syndrome?
What is the diagnostic approach for polymyalgia rheumatica?
What is a first-line treatment for tinea versicolor?
Gradual-onset dementia with no sensory or motor dysfunction is most consistent with which diagnosis?
To support the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis, which imaging study is typically used to assess the sacroiliac joints?
A 40-year-old woman with hypothermia who is rewarmed in hospital develops concerns about electrolyte disturbances. Which electrolyte abnormality is most worrisome in this scenario?
Which disorder is characterized by self-mutilation behavior and red-orange crystals in the diaper due to uric acid accumulation?
Bortezomib is used primarily in which disease?
In suspected meningitis, which step is preferred first according to guidelines?
Mini-mental state exam score low with apathy and poor performance on reverse serial 7s suggests which condition?
Which site is the most common origin for carcinoid tumors that cause carcinoid syndrome?
Auer rods are composed of which enzyme?
Back pain that is worse in the morning and improves with activity in a man aged 20-40 is most suggestive of which condition?
Best initial management for febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction?
The diagnosis of ITP is best supported by which laboratory finding?
Post-void residual >300 mL is most characteristic of which type of incontinence?
In a postoperative patient, which finding most indicates good recovery?
Which ECG finding is most consistent with acute pericarditis?
A patient developed pedal edema after starting an antihypertensive agent. Which class is the most likely cause?
Trigeminal neuralgia originates from which brain structure?
Which cytopenia is most commonly observed in SLE due to antibody-mediated destruction?
What test confirms the diagnosis of thalassemia?
Temporal arteritis is associated with which condition?
Pericarditis treatment options include which of the following?
An ulcerated lesion emerging within a background of a red, scaly lesion is most consistent with which diagnosis?
Imatinib, used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia, is commonly associated with which adverse effect?
Which statement about SLE is true?
A bicuspid aortic valve is commonly associated with which valvular disease?
A patient with osteoarthritis on naproxen develops peripheral edema. Which mechanism best explains this edema?
Which pharyngeal pouch gives rise to the superior parathyroid glands?
Under what circumstance is an IVC filter indicated after pulmonary embolism confirmed in a patient on anticoagulation?
CNS disturbance due to an electrolyte problem is most commonly caused by abnormalities of which electrolyte?
Which electrolyte abnormality is common in anorexia?
What is the predominant mode of transmission for Giardia lamblia?
Which neurologic consequence is commonly associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome due to leptomeningeal angiomatosis?
In fibromuscular dysplasia, what are the typical levels of angiotensin II (AT-II) and aldosterone?
Bleeding time is most affected by which component of hemostasis?
Which of the following is a classic feature of hemophilia in a pediatric patient?
When should the killed IM influenza vaccine be given?
Which scenario most strongly supports pulmonary contusion?
In the third trimester of pregnancy, which physiologic parameter is increased?
In renovascular hypertension, which hormonal profile would you expect?
What is the biggest risk factor for septic arthritis?
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis is also known as:
Which nerve injury classically presents with weakened elbow flexion and sensory loss over the lateral forearm?
Varicella vaccination timing: when should a child receive the vaccine?
Zileuton exerts its pharmacologic effect by which mechanism?
Which empiric therapy for endocarditis is listed in the material?
What is the primary goal of DMARD therapy in rheumatoid arthritis?
Disseminated intravascular coagulation can be a complication of acute myeloid leukemia due to release of what from leukemic cells?
Pneumonia with cattle exposure which organism is most likely?
For recurrent otitis media, which antibiotic regimen is recommended?
What is the current name for Wegener granulomatosis?
In the setting of severe ischemia on stress testing or myocardial perfusion scan, what is the next step in management?
A woman in her 20s-40s with arthritis and thrombocytopenia most likely has which disease?
Which antibiotic is first-line for streptococcal pharyngitis?
Sulfasalazine is metabolized in the gut by bacteria into which two components?
For suspected primary biliary cholangitis, what is the initial diagnostic test?
Hereditary spherocytosis is inherited in autosomal dominant fashion due to deficiency of which proteins?
Bullous impetigo is predominantly caused by which organism?
Which laboratory markers are unreliable for distinguishing polymyalgia rheumatica from polymyositis?
Which disease is now called granulomatosis with polyangiitis?
In a hypertensive patient who has had a stroke, which diagnostic step is most appropriate to evaluate for carotid disease?
For imaging to view the liver or pancreas, which modality with contrast is preferred?
Crohn disease characteristically shows which histologic features?
Normal postvoid residual volume is less than which amount?
Scombroid poisoning results from histamine formation due to bacterial histidine decarboxylase in decaying fish. Which description matches this mechanism?
Perianal anesthesia + urinary retention or incontinence indicates which syndrome?
Which pattern of emphysema is associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?
Which procedure involves peritoneal aspiration to evaluate ascitic fluid?
In diabetic ketoacidosis, what is the pattern of potassium balance?
Mini-mental state exam score low + patient tries to do well corresponds to which diagnosis?
Classic risk factors for cholelithiasis are described as fat, forty, female, and fertile. Which option lists these factors correctly?
What distinguishes polymyositis from dermatomyositis?
In inflammatory myopathies, what does the term 'mechanic's hands' refer to?
An adult male is 4 feet tall, with head and trunk proportional to limbs. Which condition best fits this description?
Which finding is most characteristic of asbestos exposure related to pleural involvement?
Urge incontinence is best described by which of the following?
A patient with new-onset murmur and fever should be evaluated for which diagnosis?
What is the treatment for esophageal candidiasis?
An elderly patient with unilateral temporal headache and blurry vision suggests which diagnosis?
In hypothyroid myopathy, which laboratory finding is commonly elevated?
A drug that increases insulin release; what is MOA?
Which class of drug does bortezomib belong to?
Non-visualization of the gallbladder on a HIDA scan is most consistent with which diagnosis?
In patients with hypocalcemia or hypokalemia unresponsive to supplementation, which deficiency should be suspected?
Radiculopathy down an arm is most commonly caused by which cervical pathology?
Which feature distinguishes toxic shock syndrome from endotoxic shock?
What is the most common cause of acute otitis media?

Mehlman High Yield Practice Exam

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